Juniperus communis is one of Ireland's longest established plants. montana is also occasionally cited others, primarily in eastern Europe and Russia, sometimes treat it as a distinct species J. saxatilis Pallas, though the name Juniperus communis var. alpina at the lower rank of variety, in which case the correct name is Juniperus communis var. jackii Rehder – Western North America (doubtfully distinct from var. megistocarpa Fernald & H.St.John – Eastern Canada (doubtfully distinct from var. Usually a prostrate ground-hugging shrub leaves short, 3–8 mm cones often larger, 7–12 mm, usually longer than the leaves found in subarctic areas and high altitude alpine zones in temperate areas. nipponica (Maxim.) E.H.Wilson – Japan (status uncertain, often treated as J. depressa Pursh – North America, Sierra Nevada in California Usually an erect shrub or small tree leaves long, 8–20(–27) mm cones small, 5–8 mm, usually shorter than the leaves found at low to moderate altitude in temperate climates. communis is very variable, with several infraspecific taxa delimitation between the taxa is still uncertain, with genetic data not matching morphological data well. Subspecies Īs to be expected from the wide range, J. The male cones are yellow, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long, and fall soon after shedding their pollen in March–April. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard, unwinged seeds in their droppings. The fruit are berry-like cones, initially green, ripening in 18 months to purple-black with a blue waxy coating they are spherical, 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) diameter, and usually have three (occasionally six) fleshy fused scales, each scale with a single seed. : 55 It is dioecious, with male and female cones, which are wind pollinated, on separate plants. It has needle-like leaves in whorls of three the leaves are green, with a single white stomatal band on the inner surface. Juniperus communis is very variable in form, ranging from 10 m (33 ft)-rarely 16 m (52 ft)-tall to a low, often prostrate spreading shrub in exposed locations. Prostrate specimens of Juniperus communis subsp.
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